Billboard currently displayed on I-75 in Marion County
Ocala, Florida
HISTORY
Marion County was created in 1844 from portions of
Alachua, Mosquito (
Orange), and
Hillsborough counties. Until 1853, Marion County included most of what are now
Lake and
Sumter counties. In 1849, Putnam County was created and took the northeast portion of Marion. Levy County's creation took some of the western portion of Marion in 1877. The county is named after General
Francis Marion of
South Carolina, a guerilla fighter and hero of the
American Revolutionary War. The Act creating the county of Marion of the Territory of Florida was signed on March 14, 1844, by the territorial governor, R. K. Call. Many of the early settlers of Marion County were from South Carolina. The county motto is "Kingdom of the Sun." Farms in the county are known for breeding champion race horses such as
Affirmed and
Needles.
OCALA
Ocala is located near what is thought to have been the site of
Ocale or Ocali, a major
Timucua village and
chiefdom during the 16th century. The modern city takes its name from the historical village, the name of which is believed to mean "Big Hammock" in the
Timucua language.
Hernando de Soto passed through Ocale during his famous expedition through what is today the southeastern
United States in 1539. Ocale is not mentioned in any later accounts; it appears to have been abandoned in the wake of de Soto's attack.
In 1827 the U.S. military outpost of
Fort King was established near the present site of Ocala as a buffer between
Seminoles and white settlers. The fort saw service during the
Second Seminole War and later acted as the first courthouse for
Marion County in 1844. Fort King was the genesis of the modern city of Ocala, which was established in 1846. Greater Ocala is known as the "Kingdom of the Sun."
Rail service reached Ocala in June 1881, encouraging economic development. Two years later, much of the Ocala downtown area was destroyed by fire on
Thanksgiving Day, 1883. Buildings were rebuilt with
brick,
granite and
steelrather than
lumber. By 1888, Ocala was known state-wide as "The Brick City."
In December 1890, the Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, a forerunner of the
Populist Party, held its national convention in Ocala. At the convention, the Alliance adopted a platform that would become known as the "
Ocala Demands." This platform included abolition of national banks, low interest government loans, free and unlimited coinage of silver, reclamation of excess railroad lands by the government, a graduated
income tax, and direct election of United States senators. Most of the "Ocala Demands" were to become part of the
Populist Party platform.
Ocala was an important center of citrus production until the
Great Freeze of 1894-1895.In the twentieth century, Ocala increased in prominence as a center for
tourism in Florida. Important attractions included the
Silver Springs Nature Theme Park,
Wild Waters water park, and the now-defunct Western-themed Six Gun Territory, all in nearby
Silver Springs, Florida. (See
Six Gun Territory Gallery.) Silver Springs is a 350-acre (1.4 km2) nature theme park that surrounds the headwaters of the Silver River, the largest artesian spring formation in the world.
THOROUGHBREDS
The first thoroughbred horse farm in Florida was created by Carl G. Rose in 1943. Earlier, in 1916, Rose had come to Florida from Indiana to oversee the first asphalt road ever constructed in the state. When he ran into problems with the asphalt, he improvised and experimented with one of Florida's abundant resources: limestone. He also realized that the limestone would be a good source of nutrition for raising strong horses, so he took a gamble in 1943 and bought acreage along State Highway 200 at $10 per acre, which became Rosemere Farm. The next year one of his horses, Gornil, won at Miami's Tropical Park, making him the first Florida-raised thoroughbred to win a Florida race. Close on Rose's heels, the entrepreneur Bonnie Heath soon set up his own thoroughbred horse farm and produced the state's first Kentucky Derby winner. Both of these men have prominent Highways named after them in Ocala. Bonnie Heath Farm is now owned and operated by his son Bonnie Heath, III, and his wife Kim. Rosemere Farm was sold long ago, and Ocala's Paddock Mall and Central Florida College were built on the site.
In 1956, the Ocala area
Thoroughbred industry received a boost when
Needles became the first Florida-bred to win the
Kentucky Derby. In 1978, Marion County-bred and -raised
Affirmed won the
Triple Crown. Today, Marion County is one of the major thoroughbred centers of the world, with over 1,200 horse farms in total and about 900 thoroughbred farms totaling some 77,000 acres (310 km2). Ocala is well known as the horse capital of the world, one of only five cities (four in the USA and one in France) permitted under Chamber of Commerce guidelines to use this title based on annual revenue produced by the horse industry. There are some 44,000 jobs created by the breeding, training and related support brought about by the equine industry that generates over $2.2 billion in annual revenue. Ocala and "Postime Farms" also play host to one of the largest horse shows in the country. H.I.T.S or "Horses in the Sun" is a Dressage/Jumper event lasting about two months and brings with it some 6 to 7 million dollars to the local Marion county economy each year. There are over 100 different breeds aside from thoroughbreds including the Tennessee Walker, Paso Fino, Morgans, Saddle Breds, Drafts, and the American Quarter Horse. Other equine events in the area include cowboy mounted shooting by the Florida Outlaws, as well as endurance rides, barrel races, "extreme" cowboy events, jumper shows, trick shows, parades, draft pulls, and more.
ATTRACTIONS
Ocala began undergoing rapid growth in the 1970s with the development of the
Interstate 75 and the founding of
Disney World, located some 70 miles (110 km) southeast.
In the last decades of the twentieth century, the greater Ocala area experienced one of the highest growth rates in the country for a city its size. The population of Marion County in 2000 was over 250,000, up from under 100,000 in 1975. Much of the county's growth is attributable to the area's growing popularity as a retirement destination, primarily in two areas southwest and south of the city: the
SR 200 corridor and
The Villages, respectively.
Many historic homes are preserved in Ocala's large residential
Historic District, established in 1984. A focus of this district is East Fort King Street, featuring many excellent examples of
Victorian architecture. Ocala structures on the
National Register of Historic Places include the
Coca Cola Building, the
E. C. Smith House,
East Hall, the
Marion Hotel,
Mount Zion A.M.E. Church, the
Ritz Historic Inn, and
Union Train Station. The original
Fort King site itself was designated a
National Historic Landmark in 2004.
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
Ocala is governed by a five member board of councilors and a mayor, all of which are elected on a nonpartisan basis. Its charter was written in the
council-manager form, leaving the mayor with few powers other than vetoing legislation passed by the council and tending to some duties involving the police department. The city manager handles most administrative and financial matters. Although a small majority of the city's registered voters are
Democrats, Ocala's politics match those of the rest of Marion County in that all of its elected legislators — with one exception — are registered
Republicans. In the
2008 presidential election,
John McCain carried both the city and the county, the latter by a landslide, despite losing Florida as a whole to
Barack Obama by a narrow margin.
GEOGRAPHY
According to the
United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 38.63 square miles (100.1 km2), all land. The surrounding farms are famous for their
thoroughbred horses, in terrain similar to
Kentucky bluegrass. Ocala is also known for nearby
Silver Springs, Florida, site of one of the largest
artesian spring formations in the world and
Silver Springs Nature Theme Park, one of the earliest tourist attractions in Florida.
The 110-mile (180 km) long
Ocklawaha River flows north from
Central Florida until it joins the
St. Johns River near
Palatka, Florida. Marion County is also home to the
Ocala National Forest which was established in 1908 and is now the second largest national forest in the state. The
Florida Trail, also known as the
Florida National Scenic Trail, cuts through Ocala National Forest.
Silver River State Park was established in the early 1990s to preserve the areas around the
Silver River to the east of Ocala near
Silver Springs.
CLIMATE
Ocala has two distinct seasons: the dry season (October — May) and the wet season (June — September). During the dry season, there is almost uninterrupted sunshine with very little rainfall. In January, the morning low temperatures are often in the 30s and 40s, but the cloudless sunny weather typically warms the dry air up to near 70 by the afternoon. During the wet season, afternoon thunderstorms are a daily occurrence. These storms are often severe (unofficially, Ocala is known to have more cloud-to-ground lightning per square mile than any other city in the world). The typical morning low temperatures during the wet season are in the 70's and typical daytime high temperatures are in the 90s. Due to the city being relatively far away from the moderating influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, Ocala's summertime temperatures are often the highest in the state while winter temperatures are often the lowest compared to other cities on the peninsula. Also, Ocala's distance from the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico means the city has more days of sunshine than Florida's coastal cities. This is, in part, why the Ocala/Marion County area is called "the kingdom of the sun." The last snowfall of any significance fell on December 24, 1989, when the city was struck by an ice and snowstorm. However, the morning of January 9, 2010, there was a dusting of snow on the ground in city center. A plume of record cold air mixed with moisture caused wintry precipitation to erupt across northern and central Florida.
Ocala/Marion County Designations
- In 2007, Marion County won First place in the 50,001-100,000 population category according to American in Bloom
- In 2002, Ocala, Florida was listed as one of the top 100 places to live in America according to RelocateAmerica.com
- In 2000, According to the National Association of Realtors, Marion County was listed the Third most affordable housing in all metropolitan areas in the Nation.
- In 1999, Ocala was listed as the Horse Capital of the United States according to the US Department of Agriculture
- In 1999, Marion County was listed as one of the top 50 best small metropolitan areas according to Inc. Magazine
- In 1998, Ocala was ranked 11th most livable small city according to Money Magazine
- In 1995, According to Money Magazine, Ocala was ranked Fifth best place to live in America
- In 1995, Ocala was named the All-American City according to the National Civic League